## 3.2.1

### Fixed
- Backup failures caused by low disk space on the Home Assistant host are now
  reported as such, e.g. "not enough disk space on Home Assistant server
  (1.2 GB free, threshold 2.0 GB)", instead of only "failed to extract backup slug".
- A failed `ha backup new` now includes Home Assistant's own error message in
  the notification and log.

### Changed
- Free space is re-checked after the remote cleanup runs. If it is still below
  `STORAGE_THRESHOLD_KB`, a warning is sent to ntfy/Discord before the backup
  is attempted.
- The remote cleanup now logs how many backups it found, and says when none are
  older than `REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP` days.

V2/home_assistant_backup.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+### Global Settings ###
+# Set your Home Assistant SSH credentials
+HA_SSH_KEY="SSH_PRIVATE_KEY"  # Replace with your SSH Private key for HomeAssistant
+HA_SSH_USER="SSH_USER"        # Replace with your HomeAssistant server username (Default is root)
+HA_SSH_HOST="SSH_HOST_IP_OR_HOSTNAME"  # Replace with your HomeAssistant server IP address
+HA_SSH_PORT="SSH_PORT"        # Replace with your HomeAssistant server port
+
+## Storage
+# Set the backup destination path
+BACKUP_DEST="BACKUP_FILE_DESTINATION" # Replace with the location for the backup files
+
+# Set the location of the Home Assistant backups (Set to default location /backup)
+# If you have a custom install, using the likes of Supervised
+# this location should normally be /usr/share/hassio/backup
+BACKUP_FILE_LOCATION="/backup"
+
+# Storage threshold (in KB) for triggering cleanup
+STORAGE_THRESHOLD_KB=2097152  # 2GB = 2 * 1024 * 1024 KB
+# Set clean up old backups (adjust the number of days to keep)
+LOCAL_BACKUP_CLEANUP="90"  # Set the number of days that local backup files will be kept for (Default 90 days)
+REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP="30" # Set the number of days that backups on the Home Assistant server will be kept for (Default 30 days)
+
+## Notification Settings
+# ntfy settings
+NTFY_ENABLED=false  # Set to 'true' to enable ntfy notifications
+NTFY_SERVER="NTFY_SERVER_FQDN_ADDRESS"  # Replace with your ntfy server address
+NTFY_TOPIC="NTFY_TOPIC"  # Replace with your ntfy topic
+
+# Discord webhook settings
+DISCORD_ENABLED=false  # Set to 'true' to enable Discord notifications
+DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL="DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL"  # Replace with your Discord webhook URL
+

V2/home_assistant_backup.sh

@@ -1,34 +1,113 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-set -x
+#set -x 
 
-### Global Settings ###
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
-# Set your Home Assistant SSH credentials
+CONFIG_FILE="$SCRIPT_DIR/home_assistant_backup.conf"
-HA_SSH_KEY="SSH_PRIVATE_KEY"  # Replace with your SSH Private key for HomeAssistant
-HA_SSH_USER="SSH_USER"        # Replace with your HomeAssistant server username (Default is root)
-HA_SSH_HOST="SSH_HOST_IP_OR_HOSTNAME"  # Replace with your HomeAssistant server IP address
-HA_SSH_PORT="SSH_PORT"        # Replace with your HomeAssistant server port
 
-# Set the backup destination path
+if [ ! -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ]; then
-BACKUP_DEST="BACKUP_FILE_DESTINATION"  # Replace with the location for the backup files
+    echo "Error: Config file not found: $CONFIG_FILE"
+    exit 1
+fi
 
-# ntfy settings
+# Load variables
-NTFY_ENABLED=false  # Set to 'true' to enable ntfy notifications
+# shellcheck disable=SC1090
-NTFY_SERVER="NTFY_SERVER_FQDN_ADDRESS"  # Replace with your ntfy server address
+source "$CONFIG_FILE"
-NTFY_TOPIC="NTFY_TOPIC"  # Replace with your ntfy topic
-
-# Discord webhook settings
-DISCORD_ENABLED=false  # Set to 'true' to enable Discord notifications
-DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL="DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL"  # Replace with your Discord webhook URL
-
-# Set clean up old backups (adjust the number of days to keep)
-BACKUP_FILE_CLEANUP="90"  # Set the number of days that backup files will be kept for (Default 90 days)
-
-# Set the location of the Home Assistant backups (Set to default location /backup)
-# If you have a custom install, using the likes of Supervised
-# this location should normally be /usr/share/hassio/backup
-BACKUP_FILE_LOCATION="/backup"
 
 ### Script ###
+## Sanity Check##
+# Function to check if the necessary variables are set and if jq and yq are installed
+sanity_check() {
+    # Check if jq and yq are installed
+    if ! command -v jq &> /dev/null; then
+        echo "Error: jq is not installed. Please install jq before running this script."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    
+    if ! command -v yq &> /dev/null; then
+        echo "Error: yq is not installed. Please install yq before running this script."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    
+    # Check for each variable
+    if [ -z "$HA_SSH_KEY" ] || [ "$HA_SSH_KEY" == "SSH_PRIVATE_KEY" ]; then
+        echo "Error: SSH_PRIVATE_KEY is not set."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ -z "$HA_SSH_USER" ] || [ "$HA_SSH_USER" == "SSH_USER" ]; then
+        echo "Error: SSH_USER is not set."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ -z "$HA_SSH_HOST" ] || [ "$HA_SSH_HOST" == "SSH_HOST_IP_OR_HOSTNAME" ]; then
+        echo "Error: SSH_HOST_IP_OR_HOSTNAME is not set."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ -z "$HA_SSH_PORT" ] || [ "$HA_SSH_PORT" == "SSH_PORT" ]; then
+        echo "Error: SSH_PORT is not set."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ -z "$BACKUP_DEST" ] || [ "$BACKUP_DEST" == "BACKUP_FILE_DESTINATION" ]; then
+        echo "Error: BACKUP_FILE_DESTINATION is not set."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$NTFY_ENABLED" == "true" ]; then
+        if [ -z "$NTFY_SERVER" ] || [ "$NTFY_SERVER" == "NTFY_SERVER_FQDN_ADDRESS" ]; then
+            echo "Error: NTFY_SERVER_FQDN_ADDRESS is not set."
+            exit 1
+        fi
+        if [ -z "$NTFY_TOPIC" ] || [ "$NTFY_TOPIC" == "NTFY_TOPIC" ]; then
+            echo "Error: NTFY_TOPIC is not set."
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$DISCORD_ENABLED" == "true" ]; then
+        if [ -z "$DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL" ] || [ "$DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL" == "DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL" ]; then
+            echo "Error: DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL is not set."
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+# Call the function to check requirements and variables
+sanity_check
+
+# Function to remove old backups from Home Assistant server (older than $REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP days)
+remove_old_backups_ssh() {
+    echo "Removing backups older than $REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP days on Home Assistant server..."
+
+    # Fetch the list of backups and parse the YAML output using yq
+    BACKUPS_OUTPUT=$(ssh -i "$HA_SSH_KEY" -p "$HA_SSH_PORT" "$HA_SSH_USER@$HA_SSH_HOST" "ha backups")
+    if ! echo "$BACKUPS_OUTPUT" | yq eval >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "Error: The output of 'ha backups' is not valid YAML."
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    # Convert the YAML to JSON and extract old backups using jq
+    OLD_BACKUPS=$(echo "$BACKUPS_OUTPUT" | yq eval -o=json | jq --argjson days "$REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP" -r '.backups[] | select((.date | sub("\\.[0-9]+\\+00:00$"; "Z") | fromdateiso8601) < (now - ($days * 86400))) | .slug')
+
+    # Remove each old backup by its slug
+    if [ -n "$OLD_BACKUPS" ]; then
+        for slug in $OLD_BACKUPS; do
+            echo "Removing backup with slug: $slug"
+            ssh -i "$HA_SSH_KEY" -p "$HA_SSH_PORT" "$HA_SSH_USER@$HA_SSH_HOST" "ha backups remove $slug"
+            if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+                echo "Successfully removed backup with slug: $slug"
+                send_ntfy_notification "Old backup removed: $slug"
+                send_discord_notification "Old backup removed: $slug"
+            else
+                echo "Failed to remove backup with slug: $slug"
+            fi
+        done
+    else
+        echo "No old backups found to remove."
+    fi
+}
+
 
 ### Function for sending notifications ###
 send_ntfy_notification() {
@@ -58,6 +137,16 @@ START_TIME=$(date +%s)
 send_ntfy_notification "Backup process started at $TIMESTAMP"
 send_discord_notification "Backup process started at $TIMESTAMP"
 
+# Check available disk space on Home Assistant server
+AVAILABLE_SPACE=$(ssh -i "$HA_SSH_KEY" -p "$HA_SSH_PORT" "$HA_SSH_USER@$HA_SSH_HOST" "df -k / | tail -n 1 | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f 4")
+if [ "$AVAILABLE_SPACE" -lt "$STORAGE_THRESHOLD_KB" ]; then
+    echo "Disk space is less than 2GB on Home Assistant server. Proceeding with remote backup cleanup..."
+    # Remove old backups on Home Assistant server if less than 2GB available
+    remove_old_backups_ssh
+else
+    echo "Sufficient disk space available on Home Assistant server. Skipping remote backup cleanup."
+fi
+
 # Create a backup on the Home Assistant server and extract the slug
 BACKUP_OUTPUT=$(ssh -i "$HA_SSH_KEY" -p "$HA_SSH_PORT" "$HA_SSH_USER@$HA_SSH_HOST" "ha backup new --name=auto_backup_$TIMESTAMP")
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
@@ -104,14 +193,13 @@ if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
-
+# Clean up old backups locally (older than $LOCAL_BACKUP_CLEANUP days)
-# Clean up old backups if needed (adjust the number of days to keep)
+find "$BACKUP_DEST" -name '*.tar' -mtime +$LOCAL_BACKUP_CLEANUP -exec rm {} \;
-find "$BACKUP_DEST" -name '*.tar' -mtime +90 -exec rm {} \;
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
     # Send notification if cleanup fails
-    send_ntfy_notification "Error: Failed to clean up old backups."
+    send_ntfy_notification "Error: Failed to clean up old backups locally."
-    send_discord_notification "Error: Failed to clean up old backups."
+    send_discord_notification "Error: Failed to clean up old backups locally."
-    echo "Error: Failed to clean up old backups."
+    echo "Error: Failed to clean up old backups locally."
     exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -131,3 +219,4 @@ RUNTIME=$((END_TIME - START_TIME))
 # Send notification with backup file size and script runtime
 send_ntfy_notification "Backup file size: $BACKUP_FILE_SIZE bytes. Script runtime: $RUNTIME seconds."
 send_discord_notification "Backup file size: $BACKUP_FILE_SIZE bytes. Script runtime: $RUNTIME seconds."
+

V3/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# ha-backup v3.2.0
+
+Go port of `home_assistant_backup.sh`. Uses the same `home_assistant_backup.conf`.
+
+## Build
+    CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w" -o ha-backup .
+
+Override the version at build time if needed:
+    CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X main.version=3.1.2" -o ha-backup .
+
+Check the version:
+    ./ha-backup -version
+
+Cross-compile examples:
+    GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o ha-backup-linux-amd64 .
+    GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -o ha-backup-linux-arm64 .   # Raspberry Pi / ARM NAS
+
+
+## Logging
+
+ha-backup writes a log to `/var/log/ha-backup.log` by default. Each line is timestamped, and the file is appended to on every run. The same output is still printed to the console.
+
+### Create the log file
+
+Writing to `/var/log` requires elevated permissions, so create the file once and give ownership to the user that runs the backup. Replace `backupuser` with that user (use `root` if you run it as root):
+
+
+If you'd rather do it in steps:
+
+```
+sudo touch /var/log/ha-backup.log
+sudo chown backupuser:backupuser /var/log/ha-backup.log
+sudo chmod 640 /var/log/ha-backup.log
+```
+
+If the log file can't be opened, ha-backup prints a warning and continues the backup without file logging.
+
+### Change or disable the log location
+
+Set `LOG_FILE` in `home_assistant_backup.conf`:
+
+```bash
+LOG_FILE="/var/log/ha-backup.log"   # default
+LOG_FILE="/home/backupuser/ha-backup.log"   # custom path
+LOG_FILE="none"                     # disable file logging
+```
+
+
+## Run
+    ./ha-backup # looks for home_assistant_backup.conf next to the binary, then in cwd
+    ./ha-backup -config /path/to.conf
+
+
+Requires `ssh` and `scp` on the machine running it. `jq` and `yq` are no longer needed.

V3/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module ha-backup
+
+go 1.21

V3/home_assistant_backup.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+### Global Settings ###
+# Set your Home Assistant SSH credentials
+HA_SSH_KEY="SSH_PRIVATE_KEY"  # Replace with your SSH Private key for HomeAssistant
+HA_SSH_USER="SSH_USER"        # Replace with your HomeAssistant server username (Default is root)
+HA_SSH_HOST="SSH_HOST_IP_OR_HOSTNAME"  # Replace with your HomeAssistant server IP address
+HA_SSH_PORT="SSH_PORT"        # Replace with your HomeAssistant server port
+
+## Storage
+# Set the backup destination path
+BACKUP_DEST="BACKUP_FILE_DESTINATION" # Replace with the location for the backup files
+
+# Set the location of the Home Assistant backups (Set to default location /backup)
+# If you have a custom install, using the likes of Supervised
+# this location should normally be /usr/share/hassio/backup
+BACKUP_FILE_LOCATION="/backup"
+
+# Storage threshold (in KB) for triggering cleanup
+STORAGE_THRESHOLD_KB=2097152  # 2GB = 2 * 1024 * 1024 KB
+# Set clean up old backups (adjust the number of days to keep)
+LOCAL_BACKUP_CLEANUP="90"  # Set the number of days that local backup files will be kept for (Default 90 days)
+REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP="30" # Set the number of days that backups on the Home Assistant server will be kept for (Default 30 days)
+
+## Notification Settings
+# ntfy settings
+NTFY_ENABLED=false  # Set to 'true' to enable ntfy notifications
+NTFY_SERVER="NTFY_SERVER_FQDN_ADDRESS"  # Replace with your ntfy server address
+NTFY_TOPIC="NTFY_TOPIC"  # Replace with your ntfy topic
+
+# Discord webhook settings
+DISCORD_ENABLED=false  # Set to 'true' to enable Discord notifications
+DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL="DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL"  # Replace with your Discord webhook URL
+
+
+## Logging
+# Set the log file location (Default /var/log/ha-backup.log)
+# The file must be writable by the user running ha-backup, see the README
+# Set to "none" to disable logging to a file (console output is unaffected)
+LOG_FILE="/var/log/ha-backup.log"

V3/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+// ha-backup v3.2.1: creates a Home Assistant backup over SSH, copies it locally,
+// prunes old backups (remote and local), logs to /var/log and sends optional
+// ntfy/Discord notifications. Go port of home_assistant_backup.sh.
+//
+// Only the standard library is used. The system `ssh` and `scp` binaries are
+// still required (same as the original script), but `jq` and `yq` are not.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Configuration (reads the same KEY="value" # comment format as the .sh script)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const defaultConfigName = "home_assistant_backup.conf"
+
+// defaultLogFile is where the log is written unless LOG_FILE says otherwise.
+const defaultLogFile = "/var/log/ha-backup.log"
+
+// version is the release version. It can be overridden at build time with:
+//
+//	go build -ldflags "-X main.version=3.2.1"
+var version = "3.2.1"
+
+type Config struct {
+	SSHKey  string
+	SSHUser string
+	SSHHost string
+	SSHPort string
+
+	BackupDest         string
+	BackupFileLocation string
+	StorageThresholdKB int64
+	LocalCleanupDays   int
+	RemoteCleanupDays  int
+
+	// LogFile is the path of the log file. Set LOG_FILE="none" to disable
+	// file logging.
+	LogFile string
+
+	NtfyEnabled bool
+	NtfyServer  string
+	NtfyTopic   string
+
+	DiscordEnabled    bool
+	DiscordWebhookURL string
+}
+
+func parseValue(raw string) string {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if raw[0] == '"' || raw[0] == '\'' {
+		q := raw[0]
+		if end := strings.IndexByte(raw[1:], q); end >= 0 {
+			return raw[1 : 1+end]
+		}
+		return raw[1:]
+	}
+	// Unquoted: strip trailing comment (a '#' preceded by whitespace).
+	for i := 1; i < len(raw); i++ {
+		if raw[i] == '#' && (raw[i-1] == ' ' || raw[i-1] == '\t') {
+			raw = raw[:i]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+}
+
+func readConfFile(path string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	vals := map[string]string{}
+	sc := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for sc.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(sc.Text())
+		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
+			continue
+		}
+		line = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "export ")
+		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(line, "=")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		vals[strings.TrimSpace(k)] = parseValue(v)
+	}
+	return vals, sc.Err()
+}
+
+func loadConfig(path string) (*Config, error) {
+	m, err := readConfFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	get := func(key, def string) string {
+		if v, ok := m[key]; ok && v != "" {
+			return v
+		}
+		return def
+	}
+
+	cfg := &Config{
+		SSHKey:             get("HA_SSH_KEY", ""),
+		SSHUser:            get("HA_SSH_USER", ""),
+		SSHHost:            get("HA_SSH_HOST", ""),
+		SSHPort:            get("HA_SSH_PORT", ""),
+		BackupDest:         get("BACKUP_DEST", ""),
+		BackupFileLocation: strings.TrimRight(get("BACKUP_FILE_LOCATION", "/backup"), "/"),
+		LogFile:            get("LOG_FILE", defaultLogFile),
+		NtfyEnabled:        get("NTFY_ENABLED", "false") == "true",
+		NtfyServer:         get("NTFY_SERVER", ""),
+		NtfyTopic:          get("NTFY_TOPIC", ""),
+		DiscordEnabled:     get("DISCORD_ENABLED", "false") == "true",
+		DiscordWebhookURL:  get("DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL", ""),
+	}
+
+	if cfg.StorageThresholdKB, err = strconv.ParseInt(get("STORAGE_THRESHOLD_KB", "2097152"), 10, 64); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid STORAGE_THRESHOLD_KB: %w", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.LocalCleanupDays, err = strconv.Atoi(get("LOCAL_BACKUP_CLEANUP", "90")); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid LOCAL_BACKUP_CLEANUP: %w", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.RemoteCleanupDays, err = strconv.Atoi(get("REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP", "30")); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid REMOTE_BACKUP_CLEANUP: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+// validate mirrors sanity_check() from the shell script.
+func (c *Config) validate() error {
+	type req struct{ val, placeholder, name string }
+	checks := []req{
+		{c.SSHKey, "SSH_PRIVATE_KEY", "HA_SSH_KEY"},
+		{c.SSHUser, "SSH_USER", "HA_SSH_USER"},
+		{c.SSHHost, "SSH_HOST_IP_OR_HOSTNAME", "HA_SSH_HOST"},
+		{c.SSHPort, "SSH_PORT", "HA_SSH_PORT"},
+		{c.BackupDest, "BACKUP_FILE_DESTINATION", "BACKUP_DEST"},
+	}
+	if c.NtfyEnabled {
+		checks = append(checks,
+			req{c.NtfyServer, "NTFY_SERVER_FQDN_ADDRESS", "NTFY_SERVER"},
+			req{c.NtfyTopic, "NTFY_TOPIC", "NTFY_TOPIC"})
+	}
+	if c.DiscordEnabled {
+		checks = append(checks, req{c.DiscordWebhookURL, "DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL", "DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL"})
+	}
+	for _, r := range checks {
+		if r.val == "" || r.val == r.placeholder {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is not set", r.name)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, bin := range []string{"ssh", "scp"} {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(bin); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is not installed or not in PATH", bin)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Logging
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+var (
+	logMu   sync.Mutex
+	logFile *os.File // nil when file logging is disabled or could not be opened
+)
+
+// openLog opens (or creates) the log file in append mode. An empty path or
+// "none" disables file logging. Console output is never affected.
+func openLog(path string) error {
+	if path == "" || strings.EqualFold(path, "none") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0o640)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	logMu.Lock()
+	logFile = f
+	logMu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// logf prints a timestamped line to the console and, when enabled, appends a
+// line with a full date and time to the log file.
+func logf(format string, a ...any) {
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf(format, a...)
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	logMu.Lock()
+	defer logMu.Unlock()
+	fmt.Printf("[%s] %s\n", now.Format("15:04:05"), msg)
+	if logFile != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(logFile, "%s %s\n", now.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"), msg)
+	}
+}
+
+// stderrWriter returns a writer for subprocess stderr that goes to the
+// terminal and, when enabled, to the log file as well.
+func stderrWriter() io.Writer {
+	logMu.Lock()
+	defer logMu.Unlock()
+	if logFile != nil {
+		return io.MultiWriter(os.Stderr, logFile)
+	}
+	return os.Stderr
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Notifications
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type Notifier struct {
+	cfg    *Config
+	client *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewNotifier(cfg *Config) *Notifier {
+	return &Notifier{cfg: cfg, client: &http.Client{Timeout: 15 * time.Second}}
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) post(url, contentType string, body []byte) {
+	resp, err := n.client.Post(url, contentType, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		logf("notification failed (%s): %v", url, err)
+		return
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		logf("notification failed (%s): HTTP %d", url, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+// Send delivers msg to every enabled notification channel.
+func (n *Notifier) Send(msg string) {
+	if n.cfg.NtfyEnabled {
+		url := strings.TrimRight(n.cfg.NtfyServer, "/") + "/" + n.cfg.NtfyTopic
+		n.post(url, "text/plain", []byte(msg))
+	}
+	if n.cfg.DiscordEnabled {
+		body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"content": msg})
+		n.post(n.cfg.DiscordWebhookURL, "application/json", body)
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SSH / SCP helpers (shell out to the system OpenSSH client)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type Remote struct{ cfg *Config }
+
+func (r Remote) target() string { return r.cfg.SSHUser + "@" + r.cfg.SSHHost }
+
+// run executes a command on the Home Assistant host and returns its stdout.
+// stderr is passed through to the terminal (and the log file).
+func (r Remote) run(remoteCmd string) (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("ssh", "-i", r.cfg.SSHKey, "-p", r.cfg.SSHPort, r.target(), remoteCmd)
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.Stdout = &out
+	cmd.Stderr = stderrWriter()
+	err := cmd.Run()
+	return out.String(), err
+}
+
+func (r Remote) copyFrom(remotePath, localPath string) error {
+	cmd := exec.Command("scp", "-i", r.cfg.SSHKey, "-P", r.cfg.SSHPort,
+		r.target()+":"+remotePath, localPath)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = stderrWriter()
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+// availableKB returns free space (in KB) on the remote root filesystem.
+func (r Remote) availableKB() (int64, error) {
+	out, err := r.run("df -k / | tail -n 1")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	fields := strings.Fields(out)
+	if len(fields) < 4 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected df output: %q", out)
+	}
+	return strconv.ParseInt(fields[3], 10, 64)
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Home Assistant operations
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+var slugRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$`)
+
+type backupEntry struct {
+	Slug string `json:"slug"`
+	Date string `json:"date"`
+}
+
+type backupListResp struct {
+	Backups []backupEntry `json:"backups"`
+	Data    struct {
+		Backups []backupEntry `json:"backups"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+}
+
+func (r Remote) listBackups() ([]backupEntry, error) {
+	out, err := r.run("ha backups --raw-json")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var resp backupListResp
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse 'ha backups' output as JSON: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(resp.Data.Backups) > 0 {
+		return resp.Data.Backups, nil
+	}
+	return resp.Backups, nil
+}
+
+func removeOldRemoteBackups(r Remote, n *Notifier, days int) {
+	logf("Removing backups older than %d days on Home Assistant server...", days)
+
+	backups, err := r.listBackups()
+	if err != nil {
+		logf("Error: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	logf("Found %d backup(s) on Home Assistant server.", len(backups))
+	cutoff := time.Now().Add(-time.Duration(days) * 24 * time.Hour)
+	removed := 0
+	for _, b := range backups {
+		t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, b.Date)
+		if err != nil {
+			logf("Skipping backup %s: cannot parse date %q", b.Slug, b.Date)
+			continue
+		}
+		if !t.Before(cutoff) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !slugRe.MatchString(b.Slug) {
+			logf("Skipping backup with unexpected slug %q", b.Slug)
+			continue
+		}
+		logf("Removing backup with slug: %s", b.Slug)
+		if _, err := r.run("ha backups remove " + b.Slug); err != nil {
+			logf("Failed to remove backup with slug: %s", b.Slug)
+			continue
+		}
+		removed++
+		logf("Successfully removed backup with slug: %s", b.Slug)
+		n.Send("Old backup removed: " + b.Slug)
+	}
+	if removed == 0 {
+		logf("No old backups found to remove (none are older than %d days).", days)
+	}
+}
+
+type newBackupResp struct {
+	Result  string `json:"result"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+	Data    struct {
+		Slug string `json:"slug"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+	Slug string `json:"slug"`
+}
+
+// describeOutput turns the output of an `ha` command into a short message for
+// error reports: the "message" field of a JSON response if there is one,
+// otherwise the raw text (collapsed to one line and truncated).
+func describeOutput(out string) string {
+	var resp newBackupResp
+	if json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &resp) == nil && resp.Message != "" {
+		return resp.Message
+	}
+	text := strings.Join(strings.Fields(out), " ")
+	if r := []rune(text); len(r) > 300 {
+		text = string(r[:300]) + "..."
+	}
+	return text
+}
+
+// createBackup creates a backup and returns its slug.
+func (r Remote) createBackup(name string) (string, error) {
+	out, err := r.run("ha backup new --name=" + name + " --raw-json")
+	if err != nil {
+		if d := describeOutput(out); d != "" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create backup on Home Assistant server: %w (Home Assistant said: %s)", err, d)
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create backup on Home Assistant server: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var resp newBackupResp
+	if json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &resp) == nil {
+		if resp.Data.Slug != "" {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(resp.Data.Slug), nil
+		}
+		if resp.Slug != "" {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(resp.Slug), nil
+		}
+		if resp.Result == "error" && resp.Message != "" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("backup creation failed: Home Assistant said: %s", resp.Message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Fallback: plain-text "slug: xxxx" line (what the original script parsed).
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(out, "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimRight(line, "\r"))
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "slug:") {
+			if s := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "slug:")); s != "" {
+				return s, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if d := describeOutput(out); d != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to extract backup slug (Home Assistant said: %s)", d)
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to extract backup slug")
+}
+
+// removeOldLocalBackups deletes *.tar files under dir that `find -mtime +days`
+// would match (age of at least days+1 full 24h periods).
+func removeOldLocalBackups(dir string, days int) error {
+	minAge := time.Duration(days+1) * 24 * time.Hour
+	now := time.Now()
+	return filepath.WalkDir(dir, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !d.Type().IsRegular() || !strings.HasSuffix(d.Name(), ".tar") {
+			return nil
+		}
+		info, err := d.Info()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if now.Sub(info.ModTime()) >= minAge {
+			logf("Removing old local backup: %s", path)
+			return os.Remove(path)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Progress reporting
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func humanBytes(n int64) string {
+	const unit = 1024
+	if n < unit {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", n)
+	}
+	div, exp := int64(unit), 0
+	for m := n / unit; m >= unit; m /= unit {
+		div *= unit
+		exp++
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %cB", float64(n)/float64(div), "KMGTPE"[exp])
+}
+
+func stdoutIsTerminal() bool {
+	fi, err := os.Stdout.Stat()
+	return err == nil && fi.Mode()&os.ModeCharDevice != 0
+}
+
+// withHeartbeat runs fn and prints a "still running" line every interval so
+// long operations don't look hung.
+func withHeartbeat(label string, interval time.Duration, fn func() error) error {
+	start := time.Now()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		t := time.NewTicker(interval)
+		defer t.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-done:
+				return
+			case <-t.C:
+				logf("%s... still running (%s elapsed)", label, time.Since(start).Round(time.Second))
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	err := fn()
+	close(done)
+	return err
+}
+
+// remoteSize returns the size in bytes of a file on the HA host (0 if unknown).
+func (r Remote) remoteSize(path string) int64 {
+	out, err := r.run("wc -c < '" + path + "'")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	f := strings.Fields(out)
+	if len(f) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n, _ := strconv.ParseInt(f[0], 10, 64)
+	return n
+}
+
+// copyWithProgress runs scp while reporting how much has arrived locally.
+// On a terminal it updates a single line (console only, never written to the
+// log file); otherwise (cron, logs) it logs a line every 10 seconds.
+func (r Remote) copyWithProgress(remotePath, localPath string) error {
+	total := r.remoteSize(remotePath)
+	if total > 0 {
+		logf("Backup size on Home Assistant: %s", humanBytes(total))
+	}
+
+	tty := stdoutIsTerminal()
+	interval := 10 * time.Second
+	if tty {
+		interval = time.Second
+	}
+
+	stop := make(chan struct{})
+	stopped := make(chan struct{})
+	start := time.Now()
+	go func() {
+		defer close(stopped)
+		t := time.NewTicker(interval)
+		defer t.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-stop:
+				if tty {
+					fmt.Print("\r\033[K")
+				}
+				return
+			case <-t.C:
+				info, err := os.Stat(localPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				cur := info.Size()
+				secs := time.Since(start).Seconds()
+				speed := int64(0)
+				if secs > 0 {
+					speed = int64(float64(cur) / secs)
+				}
+				var msg string
+				if total > 0 {
+					msg = fmt.Sprintf("Copying: %s / %s (%d%%) at %s/s",
+						humanBytes(cur), humanBytes(total), cur*100/total, humanBytes(speed))
+				} else {
+					msg = fmt.Sprintf("Copying: %s at %s/s", humanBytes(cur), humanBytes(speed))
+				}
+				if tty {
+					fmt.Printf("\r\033[K[%s] %s", time.Now().Format("15:04:05"), msg)
+				} else {
+					logf("%s", msg)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	err := r.copyFrom(remotePath, localPath)
+	close(stop)
+	<-stopped
+	return err
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// main
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func findConfig(flagPath string) string {
+	if flagPath != "" {
+		return flagPath
+	}
+	if exe, err := os.Executable(); err == nil {
+		p := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(exe), defaultConfigName)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil {
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+	return defaultConfigName // current working directory
+}
+
+func main() {
+	confFlag := flag.String("config", "", "path to config file (default: "+defaultConfigName+" next to the binary, then current directory)")
+	versionFlag := flag.Bool("version", false, "print version and exit")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	if *versionFlag {
+		fmt.Printf("ha-backup v%s\n", version)
+		return
+	}
+
+	confPath := findConfig(*confFlag)
+	cfg, err := loadConfig(confPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Error: cannot load config file %s: %v\n", confPath, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	// Open the log file as early as possible so validation errors are logged
+	// too. A failure here (e.g. not running as root) is not fatal.
+	if err := openLog(cfg.LogFile); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Warning: cannot open log file %s: %v (continuing without file logging)\n", cfg.LogFile, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := cfg.validate(); err != nil {
+		logf("Error: %v", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	notify := NewNotifier(cfg)
+	remote := Remote{cfg: cfg}
+
+	fail := func(msg string) {
+		full := "Error: " + msg
+		notify.Send(full)
+		logf("%s", full)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	timestamp := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02_15-04-05")
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	logf("ha-backup v%s - backup process started (%s)", version, timestamp)
+	if logFile != nil {
+		logf("Logging to %s", cfg.LogFile)
+	}
+	notify.Send("Backup process started at " + timestamp)
+
+	// Free-space check on the Home Assistant host.
+	logf("Checking free disk space on %s...", cfg.SSHHost)
+	avail, err := remote.availableKB()
+	if err != nil {
+		fail("failed to check disk space on Home Assistant server: " + err.Error())
+	}
+	logf("Free space: %s (threshold: %s)", humanBytes(avail*1024), humanBytes(cfg.StorageThresholdKB*1024))
+	lowSpace := avail < cfg.StorageThresholdKB
+	if lowSpace {
+		logf("Disk space is below the threshold. Running remote backup cleanup...")
+		removeOldRemoteBackups(remote, notify, cfg.RemoteCleanupDays)
+
+		// Re-check: cleanup may not have freed anything.
+		if a, err := remote.availableKB(); err != nil {
+			logf("Could not re-check free space after cleanup: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			avail = a
+			lowSpace = avail < cfg.StorageThresholdKB
+			logf("Free space after cleanup: %s", humanBytes(avail*1024))
+		}
+		if lowSpace {
+			warn := fmt.Sprintf("Warning: low disk space on Home Assistant server (%s free, threshold %s) and cleanup did not free enough space.",
+				humanBytes(avail*1024), humanBytes(cfg.StorageThresholdKB*1024))
+			logf("%s", warn)
+			notify.Send(warn)
+		}
+	} else {
+		logf("Sufficient disk space available. Skipping remote backup cleanup.")
+	}
+
+	// Create the backup.
+	logf("Creating backup on Home Assistant (this can take a few minutes)...")
+	var slug string
+	err = withHeartbeat("Creating backup", 10*time.Second, func() (e error) {
+		slug, e = remote.createBackup("auto_backup_" + timestamp)
+		return e
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		msg := err.Error()
+		if lowSpace {
+			msg = fmt.Sprintf("not enough disk space on Home Assistant server (%s free, threshold %s); %s",
+				humanBytes(avail*1024), humanBytes(cfg.StorageThresholdKB*1024), msg)
+		}
+		fail(msg + ".")
+	}
+	if !slugRe.MatchString(slug) {
+		fail(fmt.Sprintf("unexpected backup slug %q.", slug))
+	}
+	logf("Backup created with slug: %s", slug)
+	notify.Send("Backup created successfully with slug: " + slug)
+
+	// Copy it locally.
+	backupFile := filepath.Join(cfg.BackupDest, fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s.tar", timestamp, slug))
+	logf("Copying backup to %s ...", backupFile)
+	copyStart := time.Now()
+	if err := remote.copyWithProgress(cfg.BackupFileLocation+"/"+slug+".tar", backupFile); err != nil {
+		fail("Failed to copy backup to local machine.")
+	}
+
+	info, err := os.Stat(backupFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		fail("Failed to get backup file size.")
+	}
+	logf("Copy complete: %s in %s", humanBytes(info.Size()), time.Since(copyStart).Round(time.Second))
+
+	// Local retention.
+	logf("Cleaning up local backups older than %d days...", cfg.LocalCleanupDays)
+	if err := removeOldLocalBackups(cfg.BackupDest, cfg.LocalCleanupDays); err != nil {
+		fail("Failed to clean up old backups locally: " + err.Error())
+	}
+	notify.Send("Old backups cleaned up successfully.")
+
+	logf("Backup completed successfully: %s", backupFile)
+	notify.Send("Backup completed successfully: " + backupFile)
+
+	runtime := int(time.Since(start).Seconds())
+	logf("Total runtime: %d seconds", runtime)
+	notify.Send(fmt.Sprintf("Backup file size: %d bytes. Script runtime: %d seconds.", info.Size(), runtime))
+}